Lady parts – Knowing what’s what

It’s an all-too-common reality that while half the population have a vagina most of us don’t actually know what the parts are called, what’s normal down there, and when we need to seek some medical attention. 

If you’ve ever felt unsure about what’s “normal” down there, this article is for you. It explains the anatomy of the external genitalia in simple terms, what normal variation looks like, and when you should seek medical advice. You’ll leave feeling more informed and confident about your body.

External female genitalia includes several parts:

• Labia majora – the outer lips where pubic hair grows
• Labia minora – the smaller inner lips, covered with mucous membrane
• Clitoris – a highly sensitive organ that plays a major role in sexual pleasure
• Vestibule – the area between the labia minora that includes the urethral opening and vaginal opening
• Hymen – a thin membrane that sits at the entrance of the vagina (and varies greatly between people

The vagina is the muscular tube that connects your uterus (womb) to the outside of your body. It’s also the passage through which a baby is born.

What is “normal” down there?

There isn’t one standard for what’s normal. Like the rest of our bodies, lady parts come in different shapes, sizes, colours, and textures. They can be puffy or more tucked in, symmetrical or uneven. Colours can range from pink to purple to brown, and the labia can vary in thickness and length.

It’s also normal for the area to change over time. Pregnancy, childbirth, hormonal shifts, ageing, weight changes, and even stress, can affect appearance and sensation.

So, if you don’t look the same as ones you see online or in magazines, that doesn’t mean something is wrong, it usually just means you’re normal.

What should you watch out for?

Changes can be harmless, but sometimes they’re a sign that you should get checked. It’s a good idea to seek medical advice if you notice:

• New lumps or bumps
• Persistent itching, burning or pain
• Unusual discharge or odour
• Sores that won’t heal
• New or changing pigmentation
• Swelling or redness that doesn’t settle
• Pain during sex or urination

Because this area can also be affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs), it’s always wise to err on the side of caution and get checked if you’re unsure.

Who should you see if you are worried?

If something doesn’t feel right, getting checked early is always the best move. You can visit your GP, attend a Sexual Health Clinic (usually at your local hospital) without a referral, or see a gynaecologist or dermatologist who specialises in this area.